Here are some historical data showing uses of the Buffon Needle simulation to estimate pi.
The table gives the name of the investigator, the year of their investigation, the sample size (number of throws), and the estimate of pi, which we call pi-hat.
Name Year n pi-hat ------------------------------------------ Wolf 1850 5000 3.1596 Smith 1855 3204 3.1553 DeMorgan 1860 600 3.137 Fox 1864 1030 3.1595 Lazzermini 1901 3408 3.1415929 Reina 1925 2520 3.1795 ------------------------------------------ Actual pi is approximately 3.1415927. From a paper by Gridgeman, 1960.